INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL SUPPORT ON SPORTS PARTICIPATION AND PERFORMANCE AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN UPHILL SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE

TOPIC: INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL SUPPORT ON SPORTS PARTICIPATION AND PERFORMANCE AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN UPHILL SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE

TOPIC IS SUITABLE FOR:
1-Department of Physical and Health Education
2-Department of Education
This research material contains:
1-Chapter One to Five
2-Recent References/citations
3-Tables/Charts/Graphs in Chapter Four
4-Accurate Data Analysis
5-Table of Contents
6-Questionnare

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to examine the influence of parental support on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area of Delta State. The study was specifically carried out to examine the influence of parental financial support on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area, assess the effect of parental emotional support on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area, determine the influence of parental encouragement and motivation on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area, and examine the effect of parental attendance and involvement in sporting activities on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area. The study employed the descriptive survey research design. The study population comprised 11,450 senior secondary school students in public secondary schools in Uphill South Local Government Area of Delta State, while a total of 387 respondents were selected as sample size using the Taro Yamane formula. Out of the 387 questionnaires distributed, 368 were returned and 368 were validated for analysis. The questionnaire was used for data collection, while the data collected were analyzed using frequency tables, mean scores, standard deviation, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis with the aid of SPSS version 25. From the responses obtained and analyzed, the findings revealed that parental financial support has a significant influence on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students at r = 0.63, p = .000. The study also showed that parental emotional support has a significant effect on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students at r = 0.59, p = .000. Likewise, parental encouragement and motivation were found to have a significant influence on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students at r = 0.67, p = .000, while parental attendance and involvement in sporting activities also showed a significant effect on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students at r = 0.71, p = .000. The study concluded that parental financial support, emotional support, encouragement and motivation, as well as attendance and involvement in sporting activities each had a significant influence on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students, though at varying degrees. Parental attendance and involvement in sporting activities emerged as the most influential factor, demonstrating a strong positive relationship with students' sports participation and performance. The study therefore recommends that parents should provide adequate financial support for sporting activities, offer consistent emotional support and encouragement, actively motivate and recognize students' sporting achievements, and regularly attend and participate in school sporting programmes to enhance students' participation and performance in sports.
Keywords: Parental Support, Financial Support, Emotional Support, Sports Participation, Sports Performance, Senior Secondary School Students.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION (Preview)
1.1 Background to the Study
Education is one of the most important tools for human capital development and societal development because it helps people acquire cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills and competencies needed to live productively(Hakizimana & Sikubwabo, 2024). Modern educational systems are now more aware that learning goes beyond what is taught in the classroom, and that activities that foster personal wellbeing, social integration and learning in all aspects can be used. Physical and sporting activities have come into the foreground among these activities, as they have the ability to develop discipline, teamwork, resilience, leadership qualities and healthy lifestyles. Alasinrin and Ajeigbe (2021) revealed that the involvement of learners in sporting activities makes a significant impact towards the all round development of learners and creates learning opportunities beyond academic success. Likewise, Handrianto et al. (2024) argued that participation in sports enhances students' learning experiences and fosters skills that are essential for their lifelong development. In this area, learning and out-of-classroom activities have become ever more intermingled aspects of modern education.
As sport has become a key part of the curriculum, there has been a greater focus on what motivates pupils to engage and excel in sport. Students' involvement in sports has been linked to physical fitness, emotional stability, social interaction and learning valuable life skills. Bolarinwa (2021) stated that sports involvement has positive effect on students' educational experiences and behaviours. Similarly, Alasinrin and Ajeigbe (2021) claimed that sport helps in cognitive development and fosters good interpersonal relationship. The family institution has become an irreplaceable source of influence on students' participation in extracurricular activities, because sports activities are usually carried out in a social environment that has an impact on students' values and actions. This has led to the study of parental involvement in the educational and sporting lives of children being a subject of interest in educational and behavioural studies (Kausar et al., 2022).
Due to the increased attention on the role of parents in education, much attention has been paid to different aspects of parental support and their impact on children's development. Parental support is not just financial, it also involves emotional sensitivity, encouragement, guidance, supervision and involvement in children's activities. Odeyemi (2023) says that parental involvement can have a significant impact on students' learning experiences by providing enabling conditions that promote participation and commitment. Similarly, Akuezuilo and Akunne (2021) noted that parents who consistently engage in their children's activities can have a positive impact on their confidence and social competence. Financial support enables the purchase of sports kits and access to sporting programmes, while emotional support and motivational practices help maintain students' enthusiasm and persistence. Salisu et al. (2026) added that parental encouragement and supervision play a pivotal role in bolstering students' dedication to their educational and developmental activities.
The multi-dimensional nature of parental support has also led to an interest in how parental support is related to students' involvement and achievement in sport. Imtihansyah et al. (2024) stated that parental support has a significant effect on performance results both in terms of motivation and achievement orientation. In a similar vein, Handrianto et al. (2024) found that parents' involvement can at the same time boost students' academic and sporting achievements by strengthening their confidence and self-efficacy. In addition, Emma and Ounyesiga (2025) noted that being actively involved by parents fosters positive attitudes and continued engagement of learners. Similarly, Jibril et al. (2025) stressed the role of emotional support and encouragement in boosting the confidence of learners in decision making for developmental choices, noting that encouragement from parents will strengthen learners confidence in making decisions. In secondary schools of Uphill South Local Government Area of Delta State, sports programmes are part and parcel of the educational activities of the students and therefore, the dimensions of parental financial support, emotional support, encouragement, motivation, attendance and involvement are important in examining the participation and performance of students in sporting activities.

1.2 Statement of the Problem
Sport is a vital part of secondary school education as it encourages physical fitness, emotional wellbeing, teamwork, discipline and the development of life skills. Sporting involvement and participation is linked to better behavioural outcomes and personal development, which is why educational institutions are increasingly asking students to be involved in sport. Alasinrin and Ajeigbe (2021) reported that the involvement of students in sports has positive impact on their educational experiences and all-round development. Similarly, Handrianto et al. (2024) found that involvement in sports positively impacts the competencies and achievement orientation of students. But, the participation and performance of students in sports is not only dependent on the availability of the sports programme in the school but also family related factors such as parents support play a significant role to the students' interest, commitment and accomplishment in sports. Parental support can be expressed in a variety of ways such as providing financial support, emotional support, motivational support, and participating in children's activities. Odeyemi (2023) reported that parental involvement is a crucial aspect of the developmental experiences and participation in educational activities of students. Likewise, Imtihansyah et al. (2024) argued that parental support contributes to better motivation and performance of young athletes. Financial support helps to provide access to sports equipment, training and competitions, and emotional support and encouragement helps build confidence and perseverance. Akuezuilo and Akunne (2021) also claimed that active parental involvement plays a significant role in shaping positive attitudes and social competence among learners. However, the extent to which these aspects of parental support impact sports participation and performance for senior secondary school students is not well understood in specific local contexts.
Current empirical studies have focused mainly on parental involvement and the academic achievement of students, while few studies have focused on sports participation and performance of students in secondary schools. The works of Kausar et al. (2022), Emma and Ounyesiga (2025), and Salisu et al. (2026) have largely focused on the association between parental support and educational outcomes and academic achievement. While these studies highlighted the importance of parental influence on the development of the student, they offered limited evidence on the role of parental financial support, emotional support, encouragement, motivation and attendance at sporting activities on students' participation and performance in sport. This lack of location-specific evidence gives rise to uncertainty about the extent of parental support that is most significant in fostering sporting involvement amongst senior secondary school youth.
The need for this study thus arises from the need to provide empirical evidence of the effect of parental support on sports participation and performance of senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area of Delta State. The results of this study are likely to offer evidence of the role of parental financial support, emotional support, encouragement and motivation and attendance and involvement in the sporting participation and performance of children. This evidence will be useful to enhance parental involvement in school sport and to support educational practice that will foster the whole child in secondary school.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main purpose of this study is to examine influence of parental support on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area of Delta State
Specific objectives are:
1.Examine the influence of parental financial support on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area.
2.Assess the effect of parental emotional support on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area.
3.Determine the influence of parental encouragement and motivation on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area.
4.Examine the effect of parental attendance and involvement in sporting activities on sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area.
OTHER PARTS OF CHAPTER ONE INCLUDE:
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope of the Study
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE (Preview)
This chapter critically examines relevant literature that would assist in explaining the research problem and, furthermore, recognizes the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps. This chapter, therefore, focuses on the concept of parental support, types of parental support, the concept of sports participation, factors influencing students’ participation in sports, sports performance, and the relationship between parental support, sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students etc. The chapter is sub-grouped into the following major headings:
2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 Empirical Review
2.4 Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Preview)
Presented below is a snapshot of key areas of the study methodology, the full and detail chapter three methodology is contained in the instant download document.

Research Design: The study adopted a descriptive survey research design.
Population of the Study: The population of the study comprises all senior secondary school students in public secondary schools in Uphill South Local Government Area of Delta State, with a total population of students.
Sample Size Determination: The study adopted the Taro Yamane formula to determine a sample size of 387 participants.
Sampling Technique: The study employed a stratified sampling technique and simple random sampling technique to select the individual respondents.
Research Instrument: The study utilized a structured questionnaire titled “Influence of Parental Support on Sports Participation and Performance Questionnaire (IPSPPPQ)” as the instrument for data collection.
Methods of Data Analysis: The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations to summarize and present the demographic characteristics of the respondents and their responses. Inferential statistics, such as Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), were used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance.
Full outline for chapter three;
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population of the Study
3.3 Sample Size
3.4 Sampling Technique
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection
3.6 Validity of Instrument
3.7 Reliability of Instrument
3.8 Method of Data Collection
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
3.10 Ethical Consideration

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
MAJOR FINDINGS (Preview)
The analysis results were presented in tables and charts. Based on the results obtained from the analysis, the following major findings were made:

i. The study found that parental financial support significantly influences sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area, as evidenced by the grand mean of 3.71, which is above the acceptance benchmark of 3.00. The corresponding hypothesis test further showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.63, t-value of 15.52, and p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

ii. The study found that parental emotional support significantly affects sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area, as evidenced by the grand mean of 3.74, which is above the acceptance benchmark of 3.00. The corresponding hypothesis test further showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.59, t-value of 13.98, and p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

iii. The study found that parental encouragement and motivation significantly influence sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area, as evidenced by the grand mean of 3.76, which is above the acceptance benchmark of 3.00. The corresponding hypothesis test further showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.67, t-value of 17.26, and p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

iv. The study found that parental attendance and involvement in sporting activities significantly affect sports participation and performance among senior secondary school students in Uphill South Local Government Area, as evidenced by the grand mean of 3.78, which is above the acceptance benchmark of 3.00. The corresponding hypothesis test further showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.71, t-value of 19.32, and p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter covers the following outline:
5.1 Summary of the Study
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Contributions to Knowledge
5.5 Limitations of the Study
5.6 Suggestions for Further Studies
Reference
Appendix

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