APPRAISING THE IMPACT OF ICTS ON MASS MEDIA PERFORMANCE USING THE NIGERIAN TELEVISION AUTHORITY (NTA) AS A CASE STUDY

TOPIC IS SUITABLE FOR:
1. Department of Mass Communication

2. Department of Journalism

3. Department of Information and Communication Technology

TOPIC: APPRAISING THE IMPACT OF ICTS ON MASS MEDIA PERFORMANCE USING THE NIGERIAN TELEVISION AUTHORITY (NTA) AS A CASE STUDY

TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.4 Research Questions

1.5 Research Hypotheses

1.6 Significance of the Study

1.7 Scope of the Study

1.8 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Conceptual Framework

2.2 Theoretical Framework

2.3 Empirical Review

2.4 Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Population of the Study

3.3 Sample Size

3.4 Sampling Technique

3.5  Instrument for Data Collection

3.6 Validity of the Instrument

3.7 Reliability of the Instrument

3.8 Method Of Data Collection

3.9 Method of Data Analysis

3.10 Ethical Consideration

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Data Presentation    

4.2 Demographic Analysis

4.3 Analysis of the Impact of Internet Technologies on News Gathering and Dissemination Performance

4.4 Analysis of the Influence of Computer-Based Editing and Production Technologies on News Content Quality

4.5 Analysis of the Influence of Digital Communication Technologies on the Speed of News Production and Delivery

4.6 Analysis of the Effect of Social Media Platforms on Audience Reach and Engagement

4.7 Test of Hypotheses

4.8 Discussion of Finding

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Limitations of the Study

5.5 Recommendations

5.6 Suggestions for Further Studies

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to appraise the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on mass media performance using the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) as a case study. The study was specifically carried out to examine the impact of internet technologies on news gathering and dissemination performance, examine the influence of computer-based editing and production technologies on news content quality, assess the influence of digital communication technologies on the speed of news production and delivery, and determine the effect of social media platforms on audience reach and engagement. The study employed the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 1,420 professional and technical staff of the Nigerian Television Authority involved in programme production, broadcasting, engineering, news reporting, and administrative support functions. A sample size of 312 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, while 297 validated copies of the questionnaire were used for analysis. Multi-stage sampling technique involving stratified and convenience sampling methods was adopted for the study. Hence, the questionnaire was used for data collection, while the data collected were analyzed using mean scores and standard deviation to answer the research questions. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Chi-square statistical tool at 0.05 level of significance. From the responses obtained and analyzed, the findings revealed that internet technologies had a significant impact on news gathering and dissemination performance with r = 0.612, t = 13.42, p = 0.017. The study also showed that computer-based editing and production technologies had a significant influence on news content quality with r = 0.587, t = 12.47, p = 0.021. Likewise, the findings revealed that digital communication technologies significantly influenced the speed of news production and delivery with r = 0.641, t = 14.35, p = 0.013. Furthermore, the study established that social media platforms had a significant effect on audience reach and engagement with r = 0.603, t = 13.08, p = 0.019. The study therefore recommends that the management of NTA should invest continuously in modern ICT infrastructure, strengthen staff capacity through regular ICT training, enhance the deployment of digital communication technologies, and expand the organization’s social media presence to improve audience engagement and broadcasting effectiveness.

Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies, Mass Media Performance, Internet Technologies, Digital Communication Technologies, Social Media Platforms, Nigerian Television Authority.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION (Preview)
1.1 Background of the Study
The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become the hallmark of modern societies and has influenced how information is produced, manipulated, stored, and transmitted across various domains of human endeavor. The fast development of digital technologies has revolutionised the way we communicate, making communication faster, more readily available and institutions and people more connected. ICTs involve a variety of technology-enabled tools and resources such as computers, telecommunications connections, internet services, satellite technologies and digital networks which facilitate the transfer and sharing of information. The adoption of digital technologies has been increasing in all social and economic aspects, which improved communication efficiency and allowed for sharing of information beyond geographical barriers, as reported by Uwalaka (2021). Likewise, Salami and Spangenberg (2024) claimed that technological innovations remained an influence on organizational processes and communication systems worldwide. Ishola et al. (2025), also added that ICTs played a great role in knowledge generation and dissemination in contemporary society. The importance of the role of digital technologies in structuring communication is becoming manifest in both developed and developing countries as the digital technologies continue to develop.

The rise of prominence of the ICTs in society has significantly affected the communication institutions, especially mass media. Mass media is the means and the institutions that provide information, education, entertainment and public affairs content to a wide and varied audience via television, radio, newspaper and magazines and digital media. The use of ICTs has revolutionized the ways media has been making content and communicating them, leading to more efficient and interactive communication process. However, ICT-driven innovations changed the way media operates as they were able to incorporate digital tools to make the dissemination of information faster and better (Ajisafe et al., 2021). According to Muhammad (2022), technological convergence opened the way for merging conventional broadcasting and the new digital technological platforms, which in turn brought communication possibilities to the fore. Moreover, Chiamogu et al., (2021) noted that technology helped media companies to identify how they are able to reach a larger audience while also making it easier to deliver content. The examples show the importance of the role of ICTs in today's media context.

This shift of media operations brought the notion of media performance and the ways in which organizational effectiveness might be enhanced to the fore. Media Performance is the ability of media company to accomplish their communication goals, such as, disseminating information, engaging audiences, educating, entertaining and enlightening public efficiently. As electronic media and technology have increasingly become a significant determinant in how media institutions fulfill these roles, it has become essential to examine how they are utilizing these tools and resources.Because electronic media and technology have become a significant determinant in how media institutions fulfill these roles, it is essential that the utilization of these tools and resources be examined. Kanu et al. (2024) claimed that the use of the ICT facilities improved the efficiency of operations in terms of communication process and content management. Similarly, Oyelami et al (2022) asserted that digital technologies helped to enhance productivity, responsiveness and timeliness in media operations. Ayesha et al. (2025), also indicated that technological innovations fostered creativity in creating content and enhanced the competitiveness of the institution in the communication sector. Moreover, Jemila et al., (2025) stated that ICT based systems improved the organizational coordination and decision making process which in turn helped to improve the media performance. These observations show the need to enhance the effectiveness of media organizations through the use of ICTs.

In the media sector of Nigeria, the use of ICTs has become more relevant particularly in TV broadcast institutions catering to the various audiences in the country. As Nigeria's flagship public television brand, the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) plays a pivotal role in the country's information dissemination, cultural promotion and support to development programmes. The organisation has introduced several technological developments over the years, which seek to modernise its broadcasting processes and enhance delivery of its services. Erondu and Erondu (2024) said that Digital communication technologies helped the broadening of the broadcasting institutions in Nigeria. Likewise, Ishola et al. (2025) noted the ongoing transformation of the media landscape and its engagement with the audience through technological innovations in the country. Kanu et al. (2024) also found that access to digital facilities improved the media organisations' ability to effectively communicate in an ever-evolving communication landscape. Thus, it would be useful to study the effect of the invention of ICTs on the performance of mass media in Nigeria, especially the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA).

1.2 Statement of  the Problem

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have undergone accelerated growth in the last few decades that have greatly revolutionized the way communication operates globally and especially in the mass media industry for which efficiency and innovation are key factors in their work. Media organizations, big and small, should produce information that is timely, accurate and interesting for a variety of audiences and be responsive to the constant innovations in technology. In recent years, broadcasting organizations have increasingly introduced digital tools into the production and dissemination process, to make production and dissemination more efficient. Uwalaka (2021) and Salami & Spangenberg (2024) state that in the modern media environment, the use of ICT is a critical aspect of effective communication and adaptability for organizations. Likewise, Ishola et al. (2025) and Ayesha et al. (2025) found that technology has transformed the way audiences engage with media and how media is produced. Given these, there is still a need to systematically engage the impacts these technologies have on specific media organizations especially within public institutions like the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA).

Even though, media organisations are using the different ICTs, there are some noticed inefficiencies in terms of translation of the technologies for optimum media performance. Many broadcasting institutions are still having problems in the speed of content delivery, in the effectiveness of audience interaction and in the effectiveness of digital integration, indicating that the adoption of ICT does not always lead to better results in terms of performance. Kanu et al. (2024) and Oyelami et al. (2022) offered insight that though there are ICT tools, there is a disparity in their use in media establishments impacting the productivity and efficiency of operations. Similarly, Ajisafe et al. (2021) and Muhammad (2022) noted the need for complete mergence between the traditional broadcasting system and modern digital system. While an ideal situation would be to have ICT adoption consistently leading to seamless production processes, real time dissemination and increased audience satisfaction, the reality suggests a gap between the availability of technology and the effective application of the technology in the media production process.

The Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) is a very important public broadcaster in the Nigerian context, which is expected to effectively use the ICTs in information dissemination and in the process communicate for Nigeria's development. But, there is little empirical clarity about to what extent its operational performance has been enhanced by the integration of ICT, such as speed of content production, quality of broadcast and reach to audience. Erondu & Erondu (2024) and Chiamogu et al. (2021) stated that digital technology has been implemented in broadcasting institutions in Nigeria, but the level of implementation differs among the institutions. Jemila et al. (2025) and Ishola et al. (2025) also noted that there are still some areas of ICTs that need to be evaluated in terms of public media organizations' performance. This study is therefore, going to fill this gap and aim at providing evidence-based information that will enhance the utilization of technologies in the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), by examining the extent to which the use of ICTs influence its performance.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the appraising the impact of ICTs on mass media performance (case study: nigerian television authority). The specific objectives of the study seek to:

1.Examine the impact of internet technologies on news gathering and dissemination performance 

2.Examine the influence of computer-based editing and production technologies on news content quality  

3.Assess the influence of digital communication technologies on the speed of news production and delivery 

Determine the effect of social media platforms on audience reach and engagement.
Other parts of chapter one include:
1.4 Research Questions

1.5 Research Hypotheses

1.6 Significance of the Study

1.7 Scope of the Study

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE (Preview)
This chapter critically examines relevant literature that would assist in explaining the research problem and, furthermore, recognizes the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps. This chapter, therefore, focuses on the concept of information and communication technologies (ICTs), concept of mass media, components of ICTs in the mass media organizations, impact of internet technologies on news gathering and dissemination performance, etc. The chapter covers the following subheadings:
2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 Empirical Review
2.4 Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Preview)
Research Design: The study adopted a descriptive research design.

Population of the Study: The population of the study comprises professional and technical staff of the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) involved in programme production, broadcasting, engineering, news reporting, and administrative support across selected NTA stations in Nigeria.

Sample Size Determination: The study adopted the Taro Yamane (1967) formula to determine a sample size of 312 participants.

Sampling Technique: The study employed a multi-stage sampling technique involving stratified and convenience sampling to select the individual respondents.

Research Instrument: The study utilized a structured questionnaire titled “Impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on Mass Media Performance Questionnaire (ICTMMPQ)” as the instrument for data collection.

Methods of Data Analysis: The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations to summarize and present the demographic characteristics of the respondents and their responses. Inferential statistics, such as Chi-square, were used to test the hypotheses.

CHAPTER FOUR; DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
MAJOR FINDINGS (Preview)
The analysis results were presented in tables. Based on the results obtained from the analysis, the following findings are made:

i. The study found that internet technologies positively impact news gathering and dissemination performance in the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), as evidenced by mean scores ranging from 3.43 to 3.66, which were above the acceptance benchmark of 3.00. This was further confirmed by the result of the corresponding hypothesis test, which showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.612, t-value of 13.42, and p-value of 0.017 (p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This implies that internet technologies significantly improve the efficiency of news gathering, access to information, accuracy of news reporting, and speed and effectiveness of news dissemination in NTA.

ii. The study found that computer-based editing and production technologies positively influence news content quality in the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), as evidenced by mean scores ranging from 3.45 to 3.61, which were above the acceptance benchmark of 3.00. This was further confirmed by the result of the corresponding hypothesis test, which showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.587, t-value of 12.47, and p-value of 0.021 (p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This implies that computer-based editing and production technologies significantly improve the visual quality, clarity, presentation, accuracy, and overall quality of news content produced by NTA.

iii. The study found that digital communication technologies positively influence the speed of news production and delivery in the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), as evidenced by mean scores ranging from 3.50 to 3.59, which were above the acceptance benchmark of 3.00. This was further confirmed by the result of the corresponding hypothesis test, which showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.641, t-value of 14.35, and p-value of 0.013 (p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This implies that digital communication technologies significantly reduce the time required for news production, facilitate faster transmission of news materials, improve coordination among news personnel, and enhance the timely delivery of news to audiences.

iv. The study found that social media platforms positively affect audience reach and engagement in the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), as evidenced by mean scores ranging from 3.46 to 3.61, which were above the acceptance benchmark of 3.00. This was further confirmed by the result of the corresponding hypothesis test, which showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.603, t-value of 13.08, and p-value of 0.019 (p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This implies that social media platforms significantly increase audience reach, promote interaction between NTA and its audience, improve public awareness of NTA programmes, and encourage audience participation and engagement with news content.

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter covers the following outline:
5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Limitations of the Study

5.5 Recommendations

5.6 Suggestions for Further Studies

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